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Category Archives: Toxicology

Fentanyl: An involuntary intoxication defense?

Assault, Criminal Law, DUI, General Medical, Psych/Mental Health, Psych/Mental Health (Civil), ToxicologyBy Godoy Medical Forensics, Inc.

A strange occurrence at a Massachusetts hospital Articles by Forensic Magazine and New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) Between 2012 to 2016, fourteen patients showed up at a Massachusetts hospital with a strange problem.  All…

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Are alcoholics really at fault for their crimes?

Assault, Domestic Violence, DUI, General Medical, Mitigation, Psych/Mental Health, ToxicologyBy Godoy Medical Forensics, Inc.

In April, I covered delirium and noted that there are many underlying etiologies that can cause it. One such etiology is Wernicke encephalopathy. What is encephalopathy? Encephalopathy is a general term describing any disease of…

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Shock in Criminal Cases

Assault, Blunt Force Trauma, Domestic Violence, DUI, Emergency Department, Psych/Mental Health, ToxicologyBy Tara Godoy

In April, I covered delirium and noted that there are many underlying etiologies that can cause it. One such etiology is hypoperfusion. When the blood flow is cut off to the vital organs, the body…

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What role does Hypoxia play in Criminal Cases? {Assault/Trauma}

Assault, Child Abuse, Criminal Law, Domestic Violence, DUI, General Medical, Homicide, Psych/Mental Health, ToxicologyBy Tara Godoy

For both prosecutors and defense attorneys, it’s often important to know the defendant’s state of mind to litigate the case. If a defendant has a medical condition or traumatic injury that could result in hypoxia…

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Delirium: What role does it play in criminal cases? {DUI/Gen Med}

Assault, Child Abuse, Criminal Law, Domestic Violence, DUI, Elder/Dependent Abuse & Neglect (Criminal), General Medical, Homicide, Mitigation, Neonaticide/Filicide, Psych/Mental Health, ToxicologyBy Tara Godoy

In many of our cases we come across symptoms of delirium and are asked to determine if they are due to the assumed etiology, like alcohol or drug intoxication; or from something else, like seizures,…

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Involuntary Intoxication when mixing Cocaine and Alcohol…? {MH/Tox}

Assault, Criminal Law, DUI, Psych/Mental Health, ToxicologyBy Tara Godoy

What if someone knows how cocaine affects them, and they know how alcohol affects them, but not how they can affect them when taken together? The use of both cocaine and alcohol together results in…

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5 Things Criminal Attorneys Should Know About…Loss of Consciousness

Assault, Blunt Force Trauma, Child Abuse, Criminal Law, Domestic Violence, General Medical, Psych/Mental Health, ToxicologyBy Tara Godoy

This is the 4th out of 6 in this series of “5 things criminal attorneys should know about…” which I first posted a few years ago. Each month I highlight some areas of medicine that…

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5 Things Criminal Attorneys Should Know About…Seizures

Blunt Force Trauma, Criminal Law, DUI, General Medical, Mitigation, Psych/Mental Health, ToxicologyBy Tara Godoy

For the next few months I’ll post “5 things criminal attorneys should know about …” and highlight some areas of medicine that often cross into the criminal fields. I did this series a few years…

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Benzodiazepines “Downers” {Mental Health/Toxicology}

DUI, General Medical, Psych/Mental Health, Psych/Mental Health (Civil), ToxicologyBy Tara Godoy

Benzodiazepines, or “Benzos” are a class of drug that commonly pop up in the criminal cases that we review. These sedative “Downers” are commonly prescribed for a variety of maladies; knowledge about the side effects…

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Was the Defendant Drunk or Concussed? {DUI/Gen Med}

Criminal Law, DUI, Emergency Department, EMS, General Medical, ToxicologyBy Tara Godoy

Was the Defendant Drunk or Concussed? If a person who is charged with a DUI and has a concussion, a review of the medical records by an expert can determine if the defendant has either:…

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Heroin Withdrawal and Intent {Mental Health/Toxicology}

Assault, Criminal Law, DUI, Homicide, Mitigation, Psych/Mental Health, ToxicologyBy Tara Godoy

“What symptoms of Heroin withdrawal would affect the defendant’s ability to form intent?” Heroin use is a common thread within the criminal system and can become relevant in cases where the defendant’s ability to form…

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Dismissing DUI Blood Draws {DUI/Gen Med}

DUI, ToxicologyBy Tara Godoy

Blood Draws I just got back from the DUI Defense Lawyers Association’s Mile High Summer Seminar 2016 in Denver where I presented on Medically Acceptable Blood Draws. The case law for this issue is from…

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